The label names five ingredients totalling a 154 mg proprietary blend. Below, each is cross-referenced with published research.
Centuries of European and Ayurvedic use for respiratory comfort. The 10:1 ratio concentrates ten parts raw plant into one part extract. Clinical evidence at this specific concentration is limited to traditional-use literature.
The ingredient with the deepest research base in this formula: 109 randomized controlled trials. However, the strongest signal is for nausea relief at gram-level doses — not respiratory endpoints at the sub-30 mg range this blend can deliver.
A protease enzyme complex from pineapple stems, studied for mucolytic and anti-inflammatory activity. Effective doses in published research start at 500 mg daily, far above what this blend allocates.
Vitamin C delivery. The NIH Office of Dietary Supplements documents its antioxidant and immune-support functions. Likely the most evidence-compatible ingredient at any dose level.
Note the species: militaris, not sinensis (some third-party sellers incorrectly list sinensis). Five human studies, 321 participants, 2017–2024. Oxygen-utilization results are mixed. The brand’s own press release acknowledges limited evidence.